Allergies are your immune system's overreaction to normally harmless substances called allergens. When exposed to these triggers, your body releases chemicals like histamine, causing symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to severe reactions. In Australia, millions of people experience allergic reactions that can significantly impact their daily lives and overall wellbeing.
Common allergy triggers across Australia include:
Antiallergic medications work by blocking or reducing your body's allergic response. They target different pathways in the immune system to prevent or minimise symptoms like sneezing, itching, runny nose, and skin reactions. These medications can provide both immediate relief during acute episodes and long-term management for chronic allergies.
Allergic reactions range from mild symptoms like watery eyes and sneezing to severe anaphylaxis requiring immediate emergency treatment. It's essential to seek medical advice if you experience persistent symptoms, difficulty breathing, widespread rashes, or if over-the-counter treatments aren't providing adequate relief. A healthcare professional can help identify triggers and recommend appropriate treatment strategies.
Antihistamines are the most commonly used antiallergic medications, working by blocking histamine receptors to prevent allergic symptoms before they develop. When your body encounters an allergen, it releases histamine, which binds to receptors and triggers uncomfortable symptoms. Antihistamines compete for these same receptors, effectively blocking histamine's action.
These older antihistamines are highly effective but often cause drowsiness due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Popular options available in Australia include Promethazine (Phenergan), which provides strong sedating effects and is often used for severe allergies or travel sickness. Chlorpheniramine (Piriton) offers reliable relief for hay fever and skin allergies, whilst Dexchlorpheniramine (Polaramine) provides effective treatment for various allergic conditions.
These newer formulations are designed to minimise drowsiness whilst maintaining effectiveness. Cetirizine (Zyrtec) provides 24-hour relief and is particularly effective for skin allergies. Loratadine (Claratyne) offers non-drowsy relief for hay fever and hives, making it suitable for daytime use. Fexofenadine (Telfast) is considered the least sedating option and works well for seasonal allergies.
The key difference between drowsy and non-drowsy formulations lies in their ability to penetrate the central nervous system. Non-drowsy antihistamines are engineered to work primarily in peripheral tissues, allowing you to maintain normal daily activities without sedation.
For targeted allergy relief, nasal sprays and eye drops offer direct treatment to affected areas, providing fast and effective symptom management. These topical medications are particularly beneficial for Australians dealing with seasonal allergies from native pollens and environmental allergens.
Corticosteroid nasal sprays are considered the gold standard for treating allergic rhinitis and nasal congestion. Popular options available in Australian pharmacies include:
For rapid symptom relief, antihistamine nasal sprays like Azelastine (Azep) work within minutes to reduce sneezing, itching, and runny nose. Antihistamine eye drops, including Ketotifen (Zaditen) and Olopatadine (Patanol), provide targeted relief for itchy, watery eyes commonly experienced during Australia's pollen seasons.
Proper administration is crucial for effectiveness. Always prime sprays before first use, aim away from the nasal septum, and avoid sharing medications. Consult your pharmacist for demonstration of correct technique and discuss any concerns about long-term use.
Many Australians seek natural alternatives to complement or replace traditional antihistamines. These options can provide gentle, effective relief while supporting overall respiratory health.
Saline nasal rinses using sterile water help flush allergens from nasal passages and reduce inflammation naturally. This simple, cost-effective method is particularly useful during high pollen periods across Australian cities.
Natural antihistamines and supplements widely available in Australian pharmacies include:
Reducing allergen exposure through practical measures significantly improves allergy management. Keep windows closed during high pollen days, use air purifiers, wash bedding in hot water weekly, and shower after outdoor activities. Monitor local pollen forecasts and plan outdoor activities accordingly to minimise exposure to triggering allergens.
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention. In Australia, anaphylaxis affects approximately 1 in 170 people and can be triggered by foods (particularly nuts, shellfish, and eggs), insect stings, medications, or latex. Symptoms develop rapidly and may include difficulty breathing, swelling of the face and throat, rapid pulse, dizziness, and widespread skin reactions.
Adrenaline auto-injectors are the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis in Australia. The most commonly prescribed brands include EpiPen and Anapen, both available through prescription from your GP or specialist. These devices deliver a pre-measured dose of adrenaline and are designed for easy use during emergencies. Many Australians are required to carry two auto-injectors at all times, as recommended by the Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA).
Severe allergies often require prescription-only medications including corticosteroids, strong antihistamines, and bronchodilators. Working closely with healthcare providers, including allergists and immunologists, ensures proper management through action plans, regular reviews, and appropriate medication adjustments based on individual needs and triggers.
Selecting the most appropriate antiallergic medication depends on several important factors including the type and severity of your allergic symptoms, your age, existing health conditions, and other medications you may be taking. Consider whether you need immediate relief for acute symptoms or long-term management for chronic allergies.
Different formulations and dosages are available for various age groups. Children's antiallergic medications often come in liquid forms or chewable tablets, whilst adults may prefer tablets or nasal sprays. Always check contraindications and potential drug interactions, particularly if you're taking blood pressure medications, antidepressants, or other prescription drugs.
Determine whether you need seasonal treatment for hay fever or year-round management for perennial allergies. Many antiallergic medications are listed on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS), making them more affordable for Australian patients. To maximise treatment effectiveness:
