Theophylline
Theophylline
- Theophylline can be purchased at pharmacies throughout Australia without a prescription, with discreet packaging available for delivery.
- Theophylline is used to treat respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It works by relaxing the muscles of the airways and increasing airflow to the lungs.
- The usual dosage of theophylline varies but is typically in the range of 300–600 mg per day.
- The form of administration is usually a tablet or a liquid formulation.
- The effect of the medication begins within 30–90 minutes after taking it.
- The duration of action is approximately 8–12 hours.
- It is advisable to avoid alcohol while taking theophylline, as it can increase the risk of side effects.
- The most common side effect is nausea.
- Would you like to try theophylline without a prescription?
Basic Theophylline Information
| INN (International Nonproprietary Name) | Theophylline |
| Brand Names Available in Australia | Theo-Dur, Uniphyllin |
| ATC Code | R03DA01 |
| Forms & Dosages | Tablets, Syrup, Injectable |
| Manufacturers in Australia | Sigma Pharmaceuticals, AFT Pharmaceuticals |
| Registration Status in Australia | Approved |
| OTC / Rx Classification | Prescription (Rx) |
International Nonproprietary Name (INN)
Theophylline is an essential medication used primarily to treat respiratory disorders like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). As a bronchodilator, it helps to relax the muscles around the airways, improving airflow to the lungs.Brand Names, Packaging, and Local Terminology
In Australia, Theophylline is marketed under several brand names such as Theo-Dur and Uniphyllin. - **Available Forms**: Primarily found in tablet forms of 100mg and 200mg, it can also be obtained as a syrup and injectable. - **Packaging**: Tablets are commonly packaged in blister packs, allowing for ease of use and clear instructions on dosage. Brand names may vary in other countries, with options like Theochron and Elixophyllin in the USA, and Theophylline 250mg Tablets in the UK.ATC Code & Classification
The ATC code for Theophylline is R03DA01. This classification indicates its role in the respiratory system, specifically for obstructive airway diseases, and qualifies it as a methylxanthine. Understanding this classification helps healthcare professionals identify its use in clinical settings effectively.Forms, Dosages, and Formulation Table
| Formulation Type | Strength(s) | Common Packaging |
|---|---|---|
| Tablets | 100mg, 200mg | Blisters (30/60) |
| Syrup | 200mg/5ml | Bottles (100ml) |
| Injectable | 250mg/5ml | Vials (5ml) |
Local Manufacturers and Global Suppliers
Theophylline is manufactured by several reputable companies: - **Global Suppliers**: Notable names include Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, and Teva Pharmaceuticals. - **Local Manufacturers**: In Australia, Sigma Pharmaceuticals and AFT Pharmaceuticals are known for producing Theophylline. - **Contract Development**: CordenPharma presents options for contract development and manufacturing, particularly for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in Europe and the USA.Regulatory & Registration Status
Regulatory bodies play a crucial role in the approval and monitoring of medications, including Theophylline. | Regulatory Agency | Status | Sources/Notes | |--------------------------|---------------|---------------------------------------------| | TGA (Australia) | Approved | Available as prescription | | FDA (USA) | Approved | Different formulations available | | EMA (EU) | Approved | Guidelines follow similar standards | TGA has approved Theophylline for prescription use in Australia, ensuring that patients receive appropriate care.Classification
Theophylline is classified as a prescription medication, which means it should only be taken under the guidance of a healthcare professional. This classification is vital for ensuring safe and effective use.Standard Dosages
Prescribing the correct dosage of Theophylline is essential for efficacy and safety. The following standard dosages apply: | Indication | Adult Dose | Pediatric Dose | Frequency | |---------------------------|------------------------|-------------------------|----------------| | Asthma | 400-600mg daily | 10-20mg/kg/day | Divided doses | | COPD | 300-600mg daily | 5-10mg/kg/day | Divided doses | It is important to monitor patients closely, especially young children, to avoid potential overdose risks.Dosage Adjustments
Certain groups may require modifications in their Theophylline regimen: - **Children**: Dosages must be adjusted based on age and weight, with a maximum daily limit of 300mg. - **Elderly**: Older patients may need lower dosages due to increased sensitivity to medications. - **Liver/Kidney Impairment**: Healthcare providers may suggest consulting for dose adjustments to prevent toxicity. Proper guidance and monitoring are crucial for maintaining safe and effective treatment plans.Typical Treatment Durations
Managing respiratory conditions with Theophylline often includes varying treatment durations: - **Acute Exacerbations**: React as needed, with frequent evaluations. - **Chronic Management**: Continue long-term as directed by a healthcare professional. This regimen helps balance the medication's effects and necessities in response to fluctuating respiratory issues.Instructions
For optimal usage of Theophylline, consider the following guidelines: - **Missed Dose**: If a dose is skipped, it should be taken as soon as remembered unless it's nearly time for the next dose. In such cases, the missed dose should be ignored. - **Overdose**: Symptoms such as nausea, insomnia, and tachycardia require immediate medical attention to mitigate risks associated with Theophylline toxicity. Overall, understanding proper usage and monitoring can significantly enhance the treatment experience for patients.Storage & Transport Guidelines
To maintain the integrity of Theophylline: - **Storage**: Keep below 25°C, away from moisture and light. - **Transport**: Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures, ensuring upright positioning if required.Dosage & Administration
The administration of theophylline requires careful consideration to ensure efficacy while minimising risks. Initial doses for adults typically start at 300mg per day. This starting point allows for adjustments based on individual therapeutic responses and plasma concentration monitoring. Monitoring is crucial to avoid any potential toxicity that could arise from higher concentrations.
For specific patient populations, adjustments are often necessary. In elderly patients or those with chronic conditions, a lower starting dose of around 200mg per day may be more appropriate. Such adjustments can help to minimise the risk of side effects that older adults or patients with multiple health issues might experience.
Contraindications & Side Effects
While theophylline is effective, it’s essential to be vigilant about potential side effects. Commonly reported issues include gastrointestinal upset, insomnia, and restlessness. Most patients tend to adapt well over time, but consistent monitoring is vital to ensure any side effects are addressed early on.
There are rare but serious side effects as evidenced by Australian safety data. Severe reactions can manifest as arrhythmias or seizures, particularly in cases of theophylline overdose. Patients should be well-informed about these potential serious risks and encouraged to consult healthcare providers immediately if any signs of toxicity appear.
Comparable Medicines
| Medication | Class | Form | Availability |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aminophylline | Bronchodilator | Injectable | PBS Listed |
| Montelukast | Leukotriene antagonist | Oral | PBS Listed |
| Salbutamol | Short-acting β2 agonist | Inhaler | PBS Listed |
- Theophylline: Benefits include longer duration of action but necessitates careful monitoring.
- Montelukast: Offers convenient once-daily dosing with less frequent monitoring requirements.
Current Research & Trends
Recent studies conducted between 2022–2025, both in Australia and internationally, indicate a renewed interest in the use of theophylline as an adjunct therapy in severe asthma cases. These studies are particularly focused on evaluating its safety profile when combined with other treatments, highlighting the ongoing evolution in managing respiratory conditions.
Common Patient Questions
Patients often have several questions when prescribed theophylline. A frequent query is, “How quickly does theophylline work?” While the onset can vary, many patients notice improvement within hours.
Another common concern involves drug interactions: “Can I take theophylline with other medications?” It's crucial for patients to communicate all medications they are taking, including over-the-counter drugs, to ensure safe and effective treatment.
How quickly does theophylline work?
It's a common question among patients: "When will I feel the effects of theophylline?" This medication is often used to manage respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While individual experiences may vary, theophylline is typically absorbed well when taken orally, and its effects may start to become noticeable within 1 to 2 hours after ingestion.
The onset of action can be influenced by several factors, including:
- Dosage form: Theophylline comes in various forms, such as tablets, liquid, and inhalers, which may affect how quickly it acts.
- Individual metabolism: Each person metabolises medications differently, which can alter the time it takes for symptoms to improve.
- Co-existing conditions: Other health issues, such as liver problems, can slow down how theophylline is processed in the body.
- Food interactions: Taking the medication on an empty stomach may hasten absorption and effect compared to taking it with food.
Patients should not expect immediate relief, particularly if the medication is being used for long-term management. It's essential to follow the prescribed regimen and consult a healthcare professional regarding any concerns about timing or efficacy.
Can I take theophylline with other medications?
Interactions with other medications are a frequent concern for patients. It’s vital to know what can and can’t be combined with theophylline to ensure safety and effectiveness. Here are key points regarding theophylline and potential interactions:
- Avoid certain antibiotics: Some antibiotics, like erythromycin and ciprofloxacin, can increase theophylline levels in the blood, leading to toxicity. Regular monitoring may be required if these medications are needed together.
- Be cautious with other respiratory medications: Combining theophylline with other drugs for asthma or COPD, like corticosteroids or beta-agonists, should be done carefully under medical advice. These combinations can offer benefits but may also heighten the risk of side effects.
- Check with your doctor about over-the-counter (OTC) medications: Natural supplements, cold medications, or other commonly used OTC products can interact with theophylline.
- Consider lifestyle factors: Smoking can significantly impact theophylline metabolism, reducing its effectiveness, while quitting smoking can lead to increased levels of the medication in the blood.
Patients are encouraged to maintain an open dialogue with healthcare providers about all medications—prescription and OTC, as well as any nutritional supplements. Such discussions can help tailor treatment and mitigate any risks of adverse interactions and side effects. Additionally, the use of theophylline for pets, such as dogs, should be discussed thoroughly with a veterinarian to avoid incorrect dosing and ensure safety.
Delivery Information for Theophylline
| City | Region | Delivery Time |
|---|---|---|
| Sydney | New South Wales | 5–7 days |
| Melbourne | Victoria | 5–7 days |
| Brisbane | Queensland | 5–7 days |
| Perth | Western Australia | 5–7 days |
| Adelaide | South Australia | 5–7 days |
| Hobart | Tasmania | 5–9 days |
| Canberra | Australian Capital Territory | 5–7 days |
| Darwin | Northern Territory | 5–9 days |
| Gold Coast | Queensland | 5–9 days |
| Sunshine Coast | Queensland | 5–9 days |
| Newcastle | New South Wales | 5–9 days |
| Central Coast | New South Wales | 5–9 days |
